# week 4

### Intersections of Infinitely indexed sets

This week I implemented a method to do intersection of imagesets using the solutions of Diophantine equations at PR.

Say you have to find the intersection of sets 2*n| n in Integers and 3*m| m in Integers. The intersection of these sets is the set of the common values in the two sets, which in this case is equivalent to the values of n for which the equation 2*n - 3*m has some integral solution in m. Or the values of m for which the 2*n - 3*m has some integral solution in n. Diophantine equations are equations for which only integral solutions are searched for. The Diophantine module was written by Thilina as his GSoC project last year. It gives the parametric solution for such equation.

In [17]: diophantine(2*n - 3*m)
Out[17]: {(-2*t, -3*t)}


The Solution is sorted according to alphabetic order of the variables involved. So the value of LHS (2*n) for which the equation is 2*(-3*t) that is -6*t and it is the intersection of the sets described above -6*t| t in Integers. Since -6*t| t in Integers is same as 6*t| t in Integers I also wrote some simplification rules for the imagesets with Integers as baseset.

### Sets for Invert Function

The sets module turned out to be better than I expected. I had a perception that substitutions doesn't work properly with sets and I have even opened an issue for that but it turned out I hadn't looked closely enough. It worked well for the free variables and it didn't worked for the things it shouldn't work i.e., the bound variables in the imagesets.

Using sets simplified the code. All the list comprehensions like this [i.subs(symbol, symbol/g) for i in _invert(h, symbol)] were converted to simple substitutions for sets and other sets operations. _invert(h, symbol).subs(symbol, symbol/g)

Just by changing the output of invert to sets, then by adding the inverse of trigonometric function and writing the code to rewrite then as tan I was able to return all the solutions of the equations like cos(x) + sin(x) == 0 it turned to out to easier than I thought. Using sets as output makes thinking about the mathematics of the solvers much more easier and the code comes out to be pretty natural. Now when we can see the results I can surely say there can be no better output for solvers than sets.

This week I'll study LambertW function and then code additional techniques to solve real equations. I'll also try to figure out techniques to perform Union on infinitely indexed sets.